SUSTAINABLE LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT THROUGH GENOMICS, PRECISION FEEDING, AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

Abstract

The present paper analyses sustainable cattle management through the composite method that combines genomics, precision feeding, and environmental monitoring.  Genomic studies on whole-genome sequencing and genome-wide association studies have identified hereditary traits related to feed efficiency, milk supply and disease resistance, and heritability estimates support selective breeding programs.  The precision feeding experiments, which were planned according to the randomized block designs and sensors relying on the Internet of Things, demonstrated significant improvements in the feed ratio and weight gain, a reduction in the level of methane emissions and feed expenses.  Meanwhile, environmental monitoring sensors operating in real-time received alterations in temperature, humidity, and emissions, and demonstrated a direct correlation between ecological stressors and animal performance.  Spatial mapping also demonstrated how pressure of grazing affects the sustainability of the environment.  The qualitative interviews of farmers and livestock managers provided additional information regarding adoption barriers, socio-cultural attitudes, and the usefulness of the application of genomic and precision technologies to real-life situations.  This overlapping of quantitative and qualitative information confirmed that sustainable livestock production requires both high-tech genetic and nutritional optimization and a strong correspondence with the experience of the farmers and with ecological reality.  The findings indicate that, integrated systems are capable of enhancing production, reducing environmental impact, and enabling socio-economic resilience simultaneously, which make cattle more sustainable.