EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF BIOCONTROL AGENTS IN REDUCING PESTICIDE USAGE AND ENHANCING BIODIVERSITY IN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES

Abstract

The increasing dependence on synthetic pesticides has raised serious concerns regarding environmental degradation, pest resistance, and human health risks, necessitating the development of sustainable pest management alternatives. This study evaluated the effectiveness of biological control agents within an integrated pest management framework using a mixed-method experimental approach. Quantitative field experiments demonstrated significant reductions in pest population density and disease incidence in biocontrol-treated plots compared with conventional practices, accompanied by consistent improvements in crop yield and yield stability. Biodiversity indices and soil–plant health indicators were markedly higher under biological control, indicating reduced non-target effects and enhanced ecosystem functioning. Scatter, hybrid, and temporal analyses further revealed a positive relationship between biodiversity and productivity, as well as increased resilience against pest resurgence. Qualitative ecological assessments supported these findings by highlighting improved agroecosystem balance and practical feasibility of biocontrol implementation. Overall, the results confirm that biological control agents provide an effective and environmentally responsible alternative to chemical pesticides, contributing to sustainable crop production, ecological conservation, and long-term agricultural resilience. The study reinforces the importance of integrating biocontrol strategies into future pest management policies to promote sustainable agriculture and food security.