DESIGNING SMART FARMING SYSTEMS INTEGRATING IOT, AI, AND BLOCKCHAIN FOR TRANSPARENT SUPPLY CHAINS IN THE AGRI-FOOD SECTOR

Abstract

 The rapid evolution of smart agriculture and Food Industry 4.0 has intensified the need for intelligent, transparent, and secure agri-food supply chains. This study investigates the integrated application of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and blockchain technology to enhance efficiency, traceability, and food safety across the agricultural value chain. An experimental mixed-method framework was employed, combining real-time IoT sensor data, AI-based predictive and anomaly detection models, and blockchain-enabled immutable data recording. The results demonstrate significant improvements in operational efficiency, environmental monitoring accuracy, crop yield prediction, and logistics optimization. Quantitative analysis reveals consistent reductions in post-harvest losses and waste, alongside improved compliance with food safety standards. Blockchain-based traceability ensures secure, tamper-proof data sharing and enhances stakeholder accountability, while AI-driven analytics enable proactive risk management and informed decision-making. Visual and tabular results further confirm system scalability, robustness, and sustainability benefits under varying operational conditions. Overall, the findings validate that the synergistic integration of AI, IoT, and blockchain delivers a comprehensive and reliable framework for modern agri-food systems, strengthening consumer trust, minimizing food fraud, and supporting sustainable agricultural development. The proposed approach offers a scalable and future-ready solution for intelligent, transparent, and resilient food supply chains.